S. 2523: John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2025 · Congress Swing Tracker

S. 2523119th CongressGovernment Operations and Politics

John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2025

Sponsored by Sen. Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) · 46 active : 44 Democrats, 2 Independents

Latest action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text: CR S4821)

Read the summary

Where it standsBefore the Senate

Hasn’t passed either chamber

Senate: next
House: not yet
President: not yet

5 senators score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of

2025

This bill establishes new criteria for determining which states and political subdivisions must obtain preclearance before changes to voting practices may take effect. Preclearance is the process of receiving preapproval from the Department of Justice (DOJ) or the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia before making legal changes that would affect voting rights.

A state and all of its political subdivisions shall be subject to preclearance of voting practice changes for a 10-year period if, during the previous 25 years:

Read full summary

15 or more voting rights violations occurred in the state; or

10 or more violations occurred, at least 1 of which was committed by the state itself.

A political subdivision as a separate unit shall also be subject to preclearance for a 10-year period if three or more voting rights violations occurred there during the previous 25 years.

States and political subdivisions that meet certain thresholds regarding minority groups must preclear covered practices before implementation, such as redistricting.

States and political subdivisions must notify the public of changes to voting practices.

The bill authorizes DOJ to require states or political subdivisions to provide certain documents or answers to questions for enforcing voting rights.

The bill outlines factors courts must consider when hearing challenges to voting practices, such as the extent of any history of official voting discrimination in the state or political subdivision.

Committees and subjects

Committees

Senate Committee on the Judiciary · SenateReferred to

Subjects

No legislative subjects recorded yet. Similar-vote matching falls back to the policy area.

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

43Swing 70–100
260Middle 30–70
128Entrenched 0–30
2Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 2 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted. The bill is not before the House right now; these scores show where members would stand.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, , and the . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 24.5 (needs 5.0).

H.R. 10326 · Sep 16, 2026 · Roll call 670On PassagePROOF Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.Res. 1490 · Sep 1, 2026 · Roll call 649On Agreeing to the ResolutionProviding for the condemnation and denouncement of socialism in all its forms, and for other purposes
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.Res. 1335 · Jun 11, 2026 · Roll call 582On Agreeing to the ResolutionCondemning actors seeking to defraud the U.S. Government, and expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that government-wide fraud and improper payment prevention reforms will meaningfully improve the financial prosperity of the U.S., and that Federal program eligibility should be verified before payment
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 8464 · Jun 10, 2026 · Roll call 580On PassageStopping Fraudulent Payments Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 8312 · Jun 10, 2026 · Roll call 578On PassageFraud Prevention and Accountability Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
S. 1383 · Feb 11, 2026 · Roll call 429On PassageVeterans Accessibility Advisory Committee Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.J.Res. 142 · Feb 4, 2026 · Roll call 416On PassageDisapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the D.C. Income and Franchise Tax Conformity and Revision Temporary Amendment Act of 2025
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.Con.Res. 58 · Nov 21, 2025 · Roll call 304On Agreeing to the ResolutionDenouncing the horrors of socialism
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 17 more

H.Res. 719 · Sep 19, 2025 · Roll call 281On Agreeing to the ResolutionHonoring the life and legacy of Charles “Charlie” James Kirk
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 3095 · Jul 21, 2025 · Roll call 212On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedTo direct the United States Postal Service to designate single, unique ZIP Codes for certain communities, and for other purposes
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 884 · Jun 10, 2025 · Roll call 162On PassageTo prohibit individuals who are not citizens of the United States from voting in elections in the District of Columbia and to repeal the Local Resident Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2022
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 22 · Apr 10, 2025 · Roll call 101

Cosponsors

46 active

Show all 46 cosponsors

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

1
Jared F. GoldenDemocrat · Maine 2nd · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 35% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
94Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6306 Website
2
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocrat · Washington 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 38% of 47 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3536 Website
3
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublican · Pennsylvania 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4276
4
Henry CuellarDemocrat · Texas 28th · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 39% of 47 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1640 Website
5
Adam GrayDemocrat · California 13th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 36% of 13 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1947 Website
6
Laura GillenDemocrat · New York 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 29% of 13 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5516 Website
7
Donald G. DavisDemocrat · North Carolina 1st · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 28% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3101 Website
8
Thomas R. SuozziDemocrat · New York 3rd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 26 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: LCV
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3335 Website
9
Eugene Simon VindmanDemocrat · Virginia 7th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 12 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2815 Website
10
Josh RileyDemocrat · New York 19th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 24% of 13 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5441 Website

Show the other 33 swing representatives

11
Derek TranDemocrat · California 45th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 19% of 13 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2415 Website
12
Kristen McDonald RivetDemocrat · Michigan 8th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 20% of 10 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3611 Website
13
Maggie GoodlanderDemocrat · New Hampshire 2nd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 10 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5206 Website
14
Robert P. BresnahanRepublican · Pennsylvania 8th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 13 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5546 Website
15
Ryan MackenzieRepublican · Pennsylvania 7th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 13 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6411 Website
16
Jared MoskowitzDemocrat · Florida 23rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 17% of 47 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: LCV
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3001 Website
17
Maria Elvira SalazarRepublican · Florida 27th · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 44 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: LCV
83Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3931 Website
18
George WhitesidesDemocrat · California 27th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 17% of 13 similar votes
83Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1956 Website
19
Gabe EvansRepublican · Colorado 8th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 13 similar votes
80Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5625 Website
20
John W. MannionDemocrat · New York 22nd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 15% of 13 similar votes
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3701 Website
21
Don BaconRepublican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 14% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4155 Website
22
Michael LawlerRepublican · New York 17th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 16% of 48 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6506 Website
23
Vicente GonzalezDemocrat · Texas 34th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 24% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2531 Website
24
Jeff HurdRepublican · Colorado 3rd · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 13 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4676 Website
25
Thomas H. KeanRepublican · New Jersey 7th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 11% of 46 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5361 Website
26
Herbert C. ConawayDemocrat · New Jersey 3rd · Lean D+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 13% of 12 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4765 Website
27
Janelle S. BynumDemocrat · Oregon 5th · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 11% of 11 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5711 Website
28
Kevin KileyIndependent · California 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2523 Website
29
April McClain DelaneyDemocrat · Maryland 6th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 13 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2721 Website
30
David G. ValadaoRepublican · California 22nd · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 48 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4695 Website
31
Suhas SubramanyamDemocrat · Virginia 10th · Lean D+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 12 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5136 Website
32
Young KimRepublican · California 40th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4111 Website
33
Zachary NunnRepublican · Iowa 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 48 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5476 Website
34
Jennifer A. KiggansRepublican · Virginia 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4215 Website
35
Nick LaLotaRepublican · New York 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 11% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3826 Website
36
Susie LeeDemocrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 20% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3252 Website
37
Josh GottheimerDemocrat · New Jersey 5th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 16% of 46 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4465 Website
38
Juan CiscomaniRepublican · Arizona 6th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 48 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2542 Website
39
Michael R. TurnerRepublican · Ohio 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 46 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6465 Website
40
Andrew R. GarbarinoRepublican · New York 2nd · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7896 Website
41
Chris PappasDemocrat · New Hampshire 1st · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5456 Website
42
Patrick RyanDemocrat · New York 18th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 14% of 49 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5614 Website
43
Greg LandsmanDemocrat · Ohio 1st · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 16% of 45 similar votesTopic-matched scorecard: Heritage Action, LCV
70Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2216 Website