S. 986: Safe Schools Improvement Act · Congress Swing Tracker

S. 986119th CongressEducation

Safe Schools Improvement Act

Sponsored by Sen. Tim Kaine (D-VA) · 42 active : 41 Democrats, 1 Independent

Latest action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Read the summary

Where it standsBefore the Senate

Hasn’t passed either chamber

Senate: next
House: not yet
President: not yet

4 senators score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

Safe Schools Improvement Act

This bill requires states to direct their local educational agencies (LEAs) to establish policies that prevent and prohibit bullying and harassment of elementary and secondary school students. In particular, these policies must prohibit bullying and harassment based on race, color, national origin, disability, religion, or sex.

Sex

includes sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics (including intersex traits).

Read full summary

Further, LEAs must provide (1) students, parents, and educational professionals with annual notice of the conduct prohibited in their disciplinary policies; (2) students and parents with grievance procedures that target such conduct; and (3) the public with annual data on the incidence and frequency of that conduct at the school and LEA level.

The Department of Education must conduct and report on an independent biennial evaluation of programs and policies to combat bullying and harassment in elementary and secondary schools. The National Center for Education Statistics must collect state data to determine the incidence and frequency of the conduct prohibited by LEA disciplinary policies.

Committees and subjects

Committees

Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions · SenateReferred to

Subjects

Assault and harassment offenses
Census and government statistics
Child safety and welfare
Congressional oversight
Data collection, sharing, protection
Disability and paralysis
Education programs funding
Elementary and secondary education
Government information and archives
Government studies and investigations
Racial and ethnic relations
Religion

Show all 15 subjects

School administration
Sex, gender, sexual orientation discrimination

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

68Swing 70–100
207Middle 30–70
155Entrenched 0–30
3Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 3 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted. The bill is not before the House right now; these scores show where members would stand.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, , and the . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 19.0 (needs 5.0).

H.R. 1049 · Dec 4, 2025 · Roll call 313On PassageTRACE Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 4795 · Sep 3, 2026 · Roll call 655On PassageProtect Economic and Academic Freedom Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 7892 · Jun 10, 2026 · Roll call 577On PassageNo Aid for Ghost Students Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 2616 · May 20, 2026 · Roll call 544On PassagePROTECT Kids Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 6472 · Mar 4, 2026 · Roll call 442On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedTerritorial Student Access to Higher Education Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 6359 · Jan 22, 2026 · Roll call 407On PassagePregnant Students’ Rights Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1069 · Dec 4, 2025 · Roll call 312On PassagePROTECT Our Kids Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1005 · Dec 3, 2025 · Roll call 311On PassageCLASS Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 17 more

H.R. 881 · May 7, 2025 · Roll call 119On PassageDHS Restrictions on Confucius Institutes and Chinese Entities of Concern Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1048 · Mar 27, 2025 · Roll call 82On PassageDETERRENT Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1048 · Mar 27, 2025 · Roll call 79On Agreeing to the Amendment
FailedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1048 · Mar 27, 2025 · Roll call 78On Agreeing to the Amendment
FailedSame policy area

Cosponsors

42 active

Show all 42 cosponsors

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

1
Jared F. GoldenDemocrat · Maine 2nd · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 40% of 37 similar votes
94Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6306 Website
2
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublican · Pennsylvania 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 19% of 37 similar votes
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4276 Website
3
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocrat · Washington 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 37% of 36 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3536 Website
4
Michael LawlerRepublican · New York 17th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 13% of 37 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6506 Website
5
Don BaconRepublican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 36 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4155 Website
6
Henry CuellarDemocrat · Texas 28th · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 42% of 27 similar votes
91Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1640 Website
7
Thomas H. KeanRepublican · New Jersey 7th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 35 similar votes
90Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5361 Website
8
David G. ValadaoRepublican · California 22nd · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 36 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4695 Website
9
Laura GillenDemocrat · New York 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 41% of 12 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5516 Website
10
Adam GrayDemocrat · California 13th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 42% of 12 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1947 Website

Show the other 58 swing representatives

11
Thomas R. SuozziDemocrat · New York 3rd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 17 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3335 Website
12
Donald G. DavisDemocrat · North Carolina 1st · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 36 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3101 Website
13
Kevin KileyIndependent · California 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 37 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2523 Website
14
Josh GottheimerDemocrat · New Jersey 5th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 34 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4465 Website
15
Jennifer A. KiggansRepublican · Virginia 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 37 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4215 Website
16
Nick LaLotaRepublican · New York 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 35 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3826 Website
17
Michael R. TurnerRepublican · Ohio 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 35 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6465 Website
18
Jared MoskowitzDemocrat · Florida 23rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 33% of 23 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3001 Website
19
Andrew R. GarbarinoRepublican · New York 2nd · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 11% of 34 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7896 Website
20
Susie LeeDemocrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 17% of 36 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3252 Website
21
Zachary NunnRepublican · Iowa 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 34 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5476 Website
22
Maggie GoodlanderDemocrat · New Hampshire 2nd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 29% of 12 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5206 Website
23
Chris PappasDemocrat · New Hampshire 1st · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 37 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5456 Website
24
Derek TranDemocrat · California 45th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 12 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2415 Website
25
Eugene Simon VindmanDemocrat · Virginia 7th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 37% of 12 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2815 Website
26
David P. JoyceRepublican · Ohio 14th · Lean R+9On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 11% of 34 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5731 Website
27
Robert P. BresnahanRepublican · Pennsylvania 8th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 12 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5546 Website
28
Maria Elvira SalazarRepublican · Florida 27th · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 36 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3931 Website
29
Kristen McDonald RivetDemocrat · Michigan 8th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 11 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3611 Website
30
Jim CostaDemocrat · California 21st · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 24% of 27 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3341 Website
31
Young KimRepublican · California 40th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 37 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4111 Website
32
Marcy KapturDemocrat · Ohio 9th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 16% of 35 similar votes
80Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4146 Website
33
Ryan MackenzieRepublican · Pennsylvania 7th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 12 similar votes
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6411 Website
34
Ken CalvertRepublican · California 41st · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 37 similar votes
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1986 Website
35
Josh RileyDemocrat · New York 19th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 12 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5441 Website
35
Kim SchrierDemocrat · Washington 8th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 17% of 37 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7761 Website
37
Vicente GonzalezDemocrat · Texas 34th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 26% of 34 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2531 Website
38
Derrick Van OrdenRepublican · Wisconsin 3rd · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 35 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5506 Website
39
Gabe VasquezDemocrat · New Mexico 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 37 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2365 Website
40
Juan CiscomaniRepublican · Arizona 6th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 36 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2542 Website
41
Hillary J. ScholtenDemocrat · Michigan 3rd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 20% of 37 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3831 Website
42
Carlos A. GimenezRepublican · Florida 28th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 37 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2778 Website
43
Mariannette Miller-MeeksRepublican · Iowa 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 8% of 34 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6576 Website
44
George WhitesidesDemocrat · California 27th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 12 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1956 Website
44
Sharice DavidsDemocrat · Kansas 3rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 20% of 37 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2865 Website
46
Patrick RyanDemocrat · New York 18th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 36 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5614 Website
47
Greg LandsmanDemocrat · Ohio 1st · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 36 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2216 Website
48
Dan NewhouseRepublican · Washington 4th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 34 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5816 Website
49
Nicole MalliotakisRepublican · New York 11th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 36 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3371 Website
50
Michael K. SimpsonRepublican · Idaho 2nd · Lean R+13On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 36 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5531 Website
51
Jay ObernolteRepublican · California 23rd · Lean R+8On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 35 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5861 Website
52
Frank J. MrvanDemocrat · Indiana 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 37 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2461 Website
53
Jeff HurdRepublican · Colorado 3rd · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 12 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4676 Website
54
Mike CareyRepublican · Ohio 15th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 37 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2015 Website
55
Gabe EvansRepublican · Colorado 8th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 12 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5625 Website
56
Steven HorsfordDemocrat · Nevada 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 14% of 32 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-9894 Website
57
Darren SotoDemocrat · Florida 9th · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 15% of 37 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-9889 Website
58
Eric SorensenDemocrat · Illinois 17th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 37 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5905 Website
59
Elise M. StefanikRepublican · New York 21st · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 33 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4611 Website
60
Sanford D. BishopDemocrat · Georgia 2nd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 37 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3631 Website
61
Raul RuizDemocrat · California 25th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 36 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5330 Website
62
Tom ColeRepublican · Oklahoma 4th · Lean R+17On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 36 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6165 Website
63
Michael T. McCaulRepublican · Texas 10th · Lean R+12On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 8% of 32 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2401 Website
64
John W. MannionDemocrat · New York 22nd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 15% of 12 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3701 Website
65
Chuck EdwardsRepublican · North Carolina 11th · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 36 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6401 Website
66
Herbert C. ConawayDemocrat · New Jersey 3rd · Lean D+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 12 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4765 Website
67
Mark E. AmodeiRepublican · Nevada 2nd · Lean R+7On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 34 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6155 Website
68
Harold RogersRepublican · Kentucky 5th · Lean R+32On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 35 similar votes
70Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4601 Website