S. 572: Shadow Wolves Improvement Act · Congress Swing Tracker

S. 572119th CongressImmigration

Shadow Wolves Improvement Act

Sponsored by Sen. Ruben Gallego (D-AZ) · 3 active : 2 Republicans, 1 Democrat

Latest action: Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 251.

Read the summary

Where it standsBefore the Senate

Hasn’t passed either chamber

Senate: next
House: not yet
President: not yet

12 senators score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

Shadow Wolves Improvement Act

This bill allows for the revision of the federal employment classification of the Shadow Wolves, a tactical patrol unit in Homeland Security Investigations currently operating on the lands of the Tohono O'odham Nation in Arizona on the U.S.-Mexico border, and establishes other requirements related to the expansion of the Shadow Wolves program.

Read full summary

Specifically, the bill allows U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to noncompetitively convert certain special agents serving in the Shadow Wolves program from the excepted service to the competitive service. Competitive service positions in the federal government are subject to examinations and a statutorily defined hiring process. These agents must have served in the unit for three years to qualify for the conversion regardless of the location assigned.

In coordination with appropriate representatives of partnering tribal governments, including the Tohono O'odham Nation, ICE must (1) specify the mission and goals of the Shadow Wolves program, and (2) update the strategy for the expansion of the program.

Additionally, ICE must (1) determine national staffing needs and required skills for the program, (2) provide current Shadow Wolves classified as officers written information about reclassifying as special agents, (3) develop a succession plan for anticipated retirements among agents in the program, and (4) develop criteria for evaluating and selecting additional tribal lands on which additional Shadow Wolves units may be located.

ICE must report to specified congressional committees regarding the implementation of this bill.

Committees and subjects

Committees

Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs · SenateReported by · Markup by · Referred to

Subjects

Border security and unlawful immigration
Congressional oversight
Drug trafficking and controlled substances
Federal-Indian relations
Government employee pay, benefits, personnel management
Human trafficking
Law enforcement administration and funding
Law enforcement officers
Smuggling and trafficking

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

69Swing 70–100
205Middle 30–70
154Entrenched 0–30
5Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 5 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted. The bill is not before the House right now; these scores show where members would stand.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, , and the . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 17.5 (needs 5.0).

S. 2 · Jun 9, 2026 · Roll call 574On PassageSecure America Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 275 · Jun 26, 2025 · Roll call 183On PassageSpecial Interest Alien Reporting Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 3602 · Apr 20, 2024 · Roll call 861On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedEnd the Border Catastrophe Act
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.Res. 1128 · Mar 26, 2026 · Roll call 462On Agreeing to the Resolution, as AmendedExpressing the support of the House of Representatives for the Department of Homeland Security
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 4638 · Mar 19, 2026 · Roll call 456On PassageBOWOW Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1958 · Mar 18, 2026 · Roll call 454On PassageDeporting Fraudsters Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.J.Res. 72 · Feb 11, 2026 · Roll call 425On PassageRelating to a national emergency by the President on February 1, 2025
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 3486 · Sep 11, 2025 · Roll call 263On PassageStop Illegal Entry Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 17 more

H.R. 875 · Jun 26, 2025 · Roll call 182On PassageJeremy and Angel Seay and Sergeant Brandon Mendoza Protect Our Communities from DUIs Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 2056 · Jun 12, 2025 · Roll call 170On PassageDistrict of Columbia Federal Immigration Compliance Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
S. 5 · Jan 22, 2025 · Roll call 22On PassageLaken Riley Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 30 · Jan 16, 2025 · Roll call 16On PassagePreventing Violence Against Women by Illegal Aliens Act

Cosponsors

3 active

Show all 3 cosponsors

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

1
Jared F. GoldenDemocrat · Maine 2nd · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 64% of 32 similar votes
95Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6306 Website
2
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocrat · Washington 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 62% of 32 similar votes
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3536 Website
3
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublican · Pennsylvania 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 16% of 32 similar votes
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4276 Website
4
Michael LawlerRepublican · New York 17th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 31 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6506 Website
5
Don BaconRepublican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 31 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4155 Website
6
Henry CuellarDemocrat · Texas 28th · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 58% of 32 similar votes
91Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1640 Website
7
Thomas H. KeanRepublican · New Jersey 7th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 9% of 28 similar votes
90Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5361 Website
8
Donald G. DavisDemocrat · North Carolina 1st · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 62% of 31 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3101 Website
9
David G. ValadaoRepublican · California 22nd · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 31 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4695 Website
10
Thomas R. SuozziDemocrat · New York 3rd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 41% of 20 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3335 Website

Show the other 59 swing representatives

11
Laura GillenDemocrat · New York 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 41% of 11 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5516 Website
12
Susie LeeDemocrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 41% of 30 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3252 Website
13
Kevin KileyIndependent · California 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 32 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2523 Website
14
Adam GrayDemocrat · California 13th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 51% of 11 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1947 Website
15
Josh GottheimerDemocrat · New Jersey 5th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 29% of 31 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4465 Website
16
Jennifer A. KiggansRepublican · Virginia 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 32 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4215 Website
17
Nick LaLotaRepublican · New York 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 31 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3826 Website
18
Michael R. TurnerRepublican · Ohio 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 29 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6465 Website
19
Andrew R. GarbarinoRepublican · New York 2nd · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 32 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7896 Website
20
Jared MoskowitzDemocrat · Florida 23rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 32% of 28 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3001 Website
21
Chris PappasDemocrat · New Hampshire 1st · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 31 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5456 Website
22
Zachary NunnRepublican · Iowa 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 32 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5476 Website
23
Robert P. BresnahanRepublican · Pennsylvania 8th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 12 similar votes
83Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5546 Website
24
Kristen McDonald RivetDemocrat · Michigan 8th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 39% of 10 similar votes
83Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3611 Website
25
Ryan MackenzieRepublican · Pennsylvania 7th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 12 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6411 Website
26
Marcy KapturDemocrat · Ohio 9th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 33% of 31 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4146 Website
27
Jeff HurdRepublican · Colorado 3rd · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 12 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4676 Website
28
Eugene Simon VindmanDemocrat · Virginia 7th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 12 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2815 Website
29
David P. JoyceRepublican · Ohio 14th · Lean R+9On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 32 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5731 Website
30
Maggie GoodlanderDemocrat · New Hampshire 2nd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 20% of 11 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5206 Website
31
Maria Elvira SalazarRepublican · Florida 27th · Lean R+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 31 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3931 Website
32
Derek TranDemocrat · California 45th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 19% of 11 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2415 Website
33
Young KimRepublican · California 40th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 32 similar votes
80Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4111 Website
34
Vicente GonzalezDemocrat · Texas 34th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 38% of 31 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2531 Website
35
Dan NewhouseRepublican · Washington 4th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 31 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5816 Website
36
Josh RileyDemocrat · New York 19th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 11 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5441 Website
37
Ken CalvertRepublican · California 41st · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 32 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1986 Website
38
Kim SchrierDemocrat · Washington 8th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 31 similar votes
78Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7761 Website
39
Gabe EvansRepublican · Colorado 8th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 12 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5625 Website
40
Juan CiscomaniRepublican · Arizona 6th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 32 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2542 Website
41
Hillary J. ScholtenDemocrat · Michigan 3rd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 32 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3831 Website
42
Jim CostaDemocrat · California 21st · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 13% of 30 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3341 Website
43
Sharice DavidsDemocrat · Kansas 3rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 28% of 32 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2865 Website
44
Steven HorsfordDemocrat · Nevada 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 32% of 29 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-9894 Website
45
Gabe VasquezDemocrat · New Mexico 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 32 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2365 Website
46
Patrick RyanDemocrat · New York 18th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 32 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5614 Website
47
Derrick Van OrdenRepublican · Wisconsin 3rd · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 32 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5506 Website
48
Greg LandsmanDemocrat · Ohio 1st · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 31% of 32 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2216 Website
49
Jay ObernolteRepublican · California 23rd · Lean R+8On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 31 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5861 Website
50
Mike CareyRepublican · Ohio 15th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 30 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2015 Website
51
Michael K. SimpsonRepublican · Idaho 2nd · Lean R+13On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 30 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5531 Website
52
Carlos A. GimenezRepublican · Florida 28th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 30 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2778 Website
53
Chuck EdwardsRepublican · North Carolina 11th · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 32 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6401 Website
54
Eric SorensenDemocrat · Illinois 17th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 32 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5905 Website
55
George WhitesidesDemocrat · California 27th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 26% of 11 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1956 Website
56
Frank J. MrvanDemocrat · Indiana 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 26% of 30 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2461 Website
57
Mariannette Miller-MeeksRepublican · Iowa 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 32 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6576 Website
58
Max L. MillerRepublican · Ohio 7th · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 32 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3876 Website
59
Nicole MalliotakisRepublican · New York 11th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 28 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3371 Website
60
John JamesRepublican · Michigan 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 31 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4961 Website
61
Josh HarderDemocrat · California 9th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 31% of 31 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4540 Website
62
Herbert C. ConawayDemocrat · New Jersey 3rd · Lean D+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 15% of 12 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4765 Website
63
Suhas SubramanyamDemocrat · Virginia 10th · Lean D+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 12 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5136 Website
64
Raul RuizDemocrat · California 25th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 30 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5330 Website
65
Angie CraigDemocrat · Minnesota 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 32 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2271 Website
66
Mario Diaz-BalartRepublican · Florida 26th · Lean R+16On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 29 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4211 Website
67
Mark E. AmodeiRepublican · Nevada 2nd · Lean R+7On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 29 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6155 Website
68
Tom ColeRepublican · Oklahoma 4th · Lean R+17On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 31 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6165 Website
69
Harold RogersRepublican · Kentucky 5th · Lean R+32On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 27 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4601 Website