H.R. 2392: STABLE Act of 2025 · Congress Swing Tracker

H.R. 2392119th CongressFinance and Financial Sector

STABLE Act of 2025

Sponsored by Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI) · 17 active : 13 Republicans, 4 Democrats

Latest action: Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 68.

Read the summary

Where it standsBefore the House

Hasn’t passed either chamber

House: next
Senate: not yet
President: not yet

66 representatives score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

Stablecoin Transparency and Accountability for a Better Ledger Economy Act of 2025 or the STABLE Act of 2025

This bill establishes a regulatory framework for payment stablecoins (digital assets which an issuer must redeem for a fixed value).

Read full summary

Under the bill, only permitted issuers may issue a payment stablecoin in the United States, subject to certain exceptions. Permitted issuers must be a subsidiary of an insured depository institution, a federal-qualified nonbank payment stablecoin issuer, or a state-qualified payment stablecoin issuer. Permitted issuers must be regulated by the appropriate federal or state regulator. A state regulator must certify that the state regulatory regime meets or exceeds federal requirements as established by the bill.

Permitted issuers must maintain reserves backing the stablecoin on a one-to-one basis using U.S. currency or other similarly liquid assets, as specified. Permitted issuers must also publicly disclose their redemption policy and publish monthly the details of their reserves.

The bill specifies requirements for (1) reusing reserves; (2) providing safekeeping services for stablecoins; and (3) supervisory, examination, and enforcement authority over federal-qualified issuers.

The bill places a two-year moratorium on new endogenously collateralized stablecoins (i.e., stablecoins that rely on the value of another digital asset created or maintained by the same originator to maintain the fixed price).

Under the bill, permitted payment stablecoins are not considered securities under securities law. However, permitted issuers are subject to the Bank Secrecy Act for anti-money laundering and related purposes.

Committees and subjects

Committees

House Committee on Financial Services · HouseReported by · Markup by · Referred to

Subjects

Bank accounts, deposits, capital
Banking and financial institutions regulation
Civil actions and liability
Computer security and identity theft
Computers and information technology
Congressional oversight
Consumer affairs
Currency
Digital media
Financial services and investments
Fraud offenses and financial crimes
Government studies and investigations

Show all 15 subjects

Judicial procedure and administration

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

66Swing 70–100
207Middle 30–70
154Entrenched 0–30
6Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 6 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, , and the . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 30.0 (needs 5.0).

H.R. 3383 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 327On PassageIncreasing Investor Opportunities Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 3383 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 326On Agreeing to the Amendment
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 3383 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 325On Agreeing to the Amendment
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 3383 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 324On Agreeing to the Amendment
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 1919 · Jul 17, 2025 · Roll call 200On PassageAnti-CBDC Surveillance State Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
S. 1582 · Jul 17, 2025 · Roll call 199On PassageGENIUS Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 3633 · Jul 17, 2025 · Roll call 198On PassageCLARITY Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 4790 · Sep 19, 2024 · Roll call 1153On PassageGUARDRAIL Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0

Show 17 more

H.R. 5403 · May 23, 2024 · Roll call 948On PassageCBDC Anti-Surveillance State Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5403 · May 23, 2024 · Roll call 947On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5403 · May 23, 2024 · Roll call 946On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5403 · May 23, 2024 · Roll call 945On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toShared subjects×1.0

Cosponsors

17 active

Show all 17 cosponsors

Bill Huizenga (R-MI-4)
Daniel Meuser (R-PA-9)
J. French Hill (R-AR-2)
Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ-5)
Mike Haridopolos (R-FL-8)
Ritchie Torres (D-NY-15)
Sam T. Liccardo (D-CA-16)
Tim Moore (R-NC-14)
Tom Emmer (R-MN-6)
Troy Downing (R-MT-2)
Young Kim (R-CA-40)
William R. Timmons (R-SC-4)
Michael Lawler (R-NY-17)
Zachary Nunn (R-IA-3)
John W. Rose (R-TN-6)
Marlin A. Stutzman (R-IN-3)
Shri Thanedar (D-MI-13)

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

1
Jared F. GoldenDemocrat · Maine 2nd · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 35% of 38 similar votes
94Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6306 Website
2
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocrat · Washington 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 40% of 38 similar votes
93Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3536 Website
3
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublican · Pennsylvania 1st · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 14% of 38 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4276 Website
4
Andrew R. GarbarinoRepublican · New York 2nd · Lean R+6House Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 5% of 37 similar votes
92Swing
ContactCall
5
Henry CuellarDemocrat · Texas 28th · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 38% of 38 similar votes
91Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1640 Website
6
Don BaconRepublican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 38 similar votes
91Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4155 Website
7
Thomas H. KeanRepublican · New Jersey 7th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 37 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5361 Website
8
Maria Elvira SalazarRepublican · Florida 27th · Lean R+6House Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 4% of 33 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall
9
David G. ValadaoRepublican · California 22nd · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 28 similar votes
89Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4695 Website
10
Thomas R. SuozziDemocrat · New York 3rd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 33 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3335 Website

Show the other 56 swing representatives

11
Donald G. DavisDemocrat · North Carolina 1st · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 38 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3101 Website
12
Laura GillenDemocrat · New York 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 9 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5516 Website
13
Adam GrayDemocrat · California 13th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 37% of 13 similar votes
88Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1947 Website
14
Susie LeeDemocrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 36 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3252 Website
15
Jennifer A. KiggansRepublican · Virginia 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 7% of 38 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4215 Website
16
Ryan MackenzieRepublican · Pennsylvania 7th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 17% of 13 similar votes
87Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6411 Website
17
Nick LaLotaRepublican · New York 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 6% of 38 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3826 Website
18
Kevin KileyIndependent · California 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 38 similar votes
86Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2523 Website
19
Robert P. BresnahanRepublican · Pennsylvania 8th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 13 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5546 Website
20
Chris PappasDemocrat · New Hampshire 1st · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 26% of 38 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5456 Website
21
Jared MoskowitzDemocrat · Florida 23rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 26% of 37 similar votes
85Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3001 Website
22
Michael R. TurnerRepublican · Ohio 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 38 similar votes
84Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6465 Website
23
Vicente GonzalezDemocrat · Texas 34th · Lean EVENHouse Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 23% of 38 similar votes
83Swing
ContactCall
24
Derek TranDemocrat · California 45th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 13 similar votes
83Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2415 Website
25
Jim CostaDemocrat · California 21st · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 29% of 36 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3341 Website
26
Kristen McDonald RivetDemocrat · Michigan 8th · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 13 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3611 Website
27
Maggie GoodlanderDemocrat · New Hampshire 2nd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 13 similar votes
82Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5206 Website
28
Eugene Simon VindmanDemocrat · Virginia 7th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 13 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2815 Website
29
David P. JoyceRepublican · Ohio 14th · Lean R+9On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 5% of 37 similar votes
81Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5731 Website
30
Janelle S. BynumDemocrat · Oregon 5th · Lean D+4House Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 21% of 13 similar votes
79Swing
ContactCall
31
Kim SchrierDemocrat · Washington 8th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 38 similar votes
79Swing
ContactCall 202-225-7761 Website
32
Hillary J. ScholtenDemocrat · Michigan 3rd · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 37 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3831 Website
33
Ken CalvertRepublican · California 41st · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 38 similar votes
77Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1986 Website
34
Jeff HurdRepublican · Colorado 3rd · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 13 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4676 Website
35
Josh RileyDemocrat · New York 19th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 23% of 13 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5441 Website
36
Gabe EvansRepublican · Colorado 8th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 13 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5625 Website
37
Gabe VasquezDemocrat · New Mexico 2nd · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 38 similar votes
76Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2365 Website
38
Juan CiscomaniRepublican · Arizona 6th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 37 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2542 Website
39
Darren SotoDemocrat · Florida 9th · Lean D+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 24% of 38 similar votes
75Swing
ContactCall 202-225-9889 Website
40
Dan NewhouseRepublican · Washington 4th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 38 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5816 Website
41
Ami BeraDemocrat · California 6th · Lean D+8On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 38 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5716 Website
42
Jay ObernolteRepublican · California 23rd · Lean R+8On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 37 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5861 Website
43
Patrick RyanDemocrat · New York 18th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 37 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5614 Website
44
Frank D. LucasRepublican · Oklahoma 3rd · Lean R+23House Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 4% of 38 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall
45
Carlos A. GimenezRepublican · Florida 28th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 34 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2778 Website
46
Suhas SubramanyamDemocrat · Virginia 10th · Lean D+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 13 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5136 Website
47
George WhitesidesDemocrat · California 27th · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 21% of 13 similar votes
74Swing
ContactCall 202-225-1956 Website
48
Michael K. SimpsonRepublican · Idaho 2nd · Lean R+13On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 37 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5531 Website
49
Greg LandsmanDemocrat · Ohio 1st · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 30 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2216 Website
50
Chuck EdwardsRepublican · North Carolina 11th · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 38 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6401 Website
51
Derrick Van OrdenRepublican · Wisconsin 3rd · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 2% of 37 similar votes
73Swing
ContactCall 202-225-5506 Website
52
Herbert C. ConawayDemocrat · New Jersey 3rd · Lean D+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 13 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4765 Website
53
Josh HarderDemocrat · California 9th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 25% of 38 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4540 Website
54
Marcy KapturDemocrat · Ohio 9th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 38 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4146 Website
55
John JamesRepublican · Michigan 10th · Lean R+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 36 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4961 Website
56
Scott H. PetersDemocrat · California 50th · Lean D+16On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 19% of 38 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-0508 Website
57
Chrissy HoulahanDemocrat · Pennsylvania 6th · Lean D+6On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 27% of 37 similar votes
72Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4315 Website
58
Steven HorsfordDemocrat · Nevada 4th · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 18% of 36 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-9894 Website
59
Mike CareyRepublican · Ohio 15th · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 2% of 38 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2015 Website
60
Mariannette Miller-MeeksRepublican · Iowa 1st · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 3% of 38 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-6576 Website
61
Max L. MillerRepublican · Ohio 7th · Lean R+5On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 2% of 38 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3876 Website
62
Mike FloodRepublican · Nebraska 1st · Lean R+6House Committee on Financial ServicesOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 3% of 38 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall
63
Angie CraigDemocrat · Minnesota 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 22% of 37 similar votes
71Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2271 Website
64
Sharice DavidsDemocrat · Kansas 3rd · Lean D+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 14% of 38 similar votes
70Swing
ContactCall 202-225-2865 Website
65
Mario Diaz-BalartRepublican · Florida 26th · Lean R+16On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 4% of 38 similar votes
70Swing
ContactCall 202-225-4211 Website
66
Nicole MalliotakisRepublican · New York 11th · Lean R+10On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 2% of 38 similar votes
70Swing
ContactCall 202-225-3371 Website