Data: The Downballot · Federal Election Commission · Voteview · Congress.gov · Heritage Action · League of Conservation Voters. Partisan lean is computed by Congress Swing Tracker from presidential results (25% 2020 / 75% 2024); it is not the Cook PVI. Non-voting delegates are not ranked. Scores: model swing-v3. How the score works Contact Support this site H.R. 35: Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act · Congress Swing Tracker
Bills / H.R. 35 H.R. 35 · 119th Congress · Crime and Law Enforcement
Sponsored by Rep. Juan Ciscomani (R-AZ) · 32 active cosponsors (what is this?) 32 Republicans 32 R
Latest action: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
Why tracked (what is this?) Floor vote (what is this?) Passed a chamber (what is this?) Read the summary
Where it stands Passed House House : passed Feb 13, 2025 Senate : next President : not yet 10 senators score as swing votes Agent Raul Gonzalez Officer Safety Act
This bill establishes new federal criminal offenses for operating a motor vehicle within 100 miles of the U.S. border while fleeing from a U.S. Border Patrol agent or a federal, state, or local law enforcement officer who is actively assisting or under the command of the U.S. Border Patrol.
Read full summary Hide full summary The bill establishes criminal penalties for an offense, including a mandatory minimum prison term for an offense resulting in death or serious bodily injury. Additionally, a non-U.S. national who is convicted of or admits to committing an offense is inadmissible, deportable, and ineligible for immigration relief (including asylum).
How the projections held up Each member’s recorded vote compared with their swing projection from before the vote. A member broke with their party (what is this?)
House On Passage 264 yea, 155 nayFebruary 13, 2025 · Roll call 42 How members in each band voted on this House vote, by their projection before the vote Band Band before the vote Voted Voted yea or nay Broke Broke with party Share Swing 56 34 61% Middle 183 14 8% Entrenched 169 0 0% Insufficient data
Committees and subjects Committees House Committee on the Judiciary · House Referred to Senate Committee on the Judiciary · Senate Referred to Subjects Border security and unlawful immigration Congressional oversight Criminal investigation, prosecution, interrogation Criminal procedure and sentencing Immigration status and procedures Motor vehicles How the House breaks down 63 Swing 70–100205 Middle 30–70162 Entrenched 0–303 Insufficient data not rankedMembers fall into swing, middle and entrenched bands (what is this?)
Key players in the House Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional Directional mode (what is this?)
Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, cross-pressure (what is this?) similar votes (what is this?) committee bonus (what is this?) Lean (what is this?)
Similar past votes, House Earlier roll calls (what is this?) similar-votes (what is this?)
Cosponsors 32 active Show all 32 cosponsors How the swing score works Ideology gap How far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.
Scorecard gap How far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.
Cross-pressure How strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.
Similar votes How often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.
Committee bonus Members of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.
Cosponsor check The sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.
All voting members 411 50 12%
How well the score separated them (what is this?)
Projections from swing-v3-dir, computed with data from before the vote. Present and not voting never count as breaking.
completeness (what is this?)
Where the House has voted, each member’s recorded vote (what is this?)
1 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 65% of 48 similar votes Today 95 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 93 Swing (today: 95 ) 2 Kevin Kiley Independent · California 3rd · Lean R+2 House Committee on the Judiciary On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee Broke with party on 6% of 47 similar votes Today 94 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 3 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 64% of 47 similar votes Today 93 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 4 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 21% of 46 similar votes Today 93 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 90 Swing (today: 93 ) Contact
5 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 66% of 48 similar votes Today 92 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 6 Don Bacon Republican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 48 similar votes Today 91 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 89 Swing (today: 91 ) Contact
7 Jared Moskowitz Democrat · Florida 23rd · Lean D+2 House Committee on the Judiciary On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee Broke with party on 37% of 47 similar votes Today 91 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 8 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 11% of 42 similar votes Today 90 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 88 Swing (today: 90 ) Contact
9 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 59% of 48 similar votes Today 88 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 10 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 54% of 23 similar votes Today 88 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Show the other 53 swing representatives 11 Adam Gray Democrat · California 13th · Lean R+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 60% of 20 similar votes Today 88 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 87 Swing (today: 88 ) 12 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 7% of 46 similar votes Today 88 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 87 Swing (today: 88 ) Contact
13 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 41% of 34 similar votes Today 87 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 14 Susie Lee Democrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 39% of 46 similar votes Today 87 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 15 Chris Pappas Democrat · New Hampshire 1st · Lean D+2 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 44% of 48 similar votes Today 86 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 16 Nick LaLota Republican · New York 1st · Lean R+4 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 48 similar votes Today 86 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 81 Swing (today: 86 ) Contact
17 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 45 similar votes Today 85 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 82 Swing (today: 85 ) Contact
18 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 7% of 48 similar votes Today 85 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 81 Swing (today: 85 ) Contact
19 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 35% of 43 similar votes Today 85 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 20 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 38% of 22 similar votes Today 84 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 21 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 46% of 23 similar votes Today 83 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 22 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 43% of 46 similar votes Today 83 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 23 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 4% of 23 similar votes Today 82 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 46 Middle (today: 82 ) Contact
24 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 47 similar votes Today 82 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 78 Swing (today: 82 ) Contact
25 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 44 similar votes Today 81 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 77 Swing (today: 81 ) Contact
26 Young Kim Republican · California 40th · Lean R+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 7% of 48 similar votes Today 81 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 86 Swing (today: 81 ) Contact
27 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 37% of 23 similar votes Today 81 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 28 Derek Tran Democrat · California 45th · Lean D+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 25% of 23 similar votes Today 81 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 84 Swing (today: 81 ) Contact
29 Jim Costa Democrat · California 21st · Lean D+4 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 35% of 45 similar votes Today 80 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 30 Kim Schrier Democrat · Washington 8th · Lean D+3 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 37% of 48 similar votes Today 79 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 31 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 3% of 23 similar votes Today 79 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 47 Middle (today: 79 ) Contact
32 Gabe Evans Republican · Colorado 8th · Lean EVEN On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 4% of 23 similar votes Today 79 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 47 Middle (today: 79 ) Contact
33 Josh Riley Democrat · New York 19th · Lean D+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 44% of 22 similar votes 78 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected: 34 Ken Calvert Republican · California 41st · Lean R+2 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 5% of 48 similar votes 78 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected: 78 Swing 35 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 40% of 45 similar votes Today 77 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 70 Middle (today: 77 ) Contact
36 Jay Obernolte Republican · California 23rd · Lean R+8 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 7% of 48 similar votes Today 77 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 76 Swing (today: 77 ) Contact
37 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 43% of 22 similar votes Today 76 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 38 Patrick Ryan Democrat · New York 18th · Lean D+2 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 41% of 48 similar votes Today 76 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 39 Gabe Vasquez Democrat · New Mexico 2nd · Lean EVEN On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 33% of 48 similar votes Today 76 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 40 Dan Newhouse Republican · Washington 4th · Lean R+10 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 5% of 47 similar votes Today 76 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 71 Swing (today: 76 ) Contact
41 Mike Carey Republican · Ohio 15th · Lean R+4 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 3% of 47 similar votes Today 75 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 67 Middle (today: 75 ) Contact
42 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 32% of 46 similar votes 75 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected: 43 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 31% of 48 similar votes Today 74 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 44 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 4% of 41 similar votes Today 74 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 67 Middle (today: 74 ) Contact
45 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 41% of 48 similar votes Today 74 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 46 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 36% of 48 similar votes Today 74 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 47 Jeff Hurd Republican · Colorado 3rd · Lean R+5 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 2% of 23 similar votes Today 74 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 43 Middle (today: 74 ) Contact
48 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 25% of 47 similar votes Today 73 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 49 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 30% of 47 similar votes Today 73 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 50 Angie Craig Democrat · Minnesota 2nd · Lean D+3 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 41% of 48 similar votes Today 73 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 51 Chuck Edwards Republican · North Carolina 11th · Lean R+5 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 4% of 48 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 70 Swing (today: 72 ) Contact
52 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 6% of 41 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 68 Middle (today: 72 ) Contact
53 John James Republican · Michigan 10th · Lean R+3 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 5% of 46 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 79 Swing (today: 72 ) Contact
54 Josh Harder Democrat · California 9th · Lean D+1 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 38% of 48 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 55 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 4% of 48 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 67 Middle (today: 72 ) Contact
56 J. Luis Correa Democrat · California 46th · Lean D+11 House Committee on the Judiciary On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee Broke with party on 10% of 45 similar votes Today 72 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 57 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 35% of 23 similar votes Today 71 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: 58 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 2% of 48 similar votes Today 71 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 67 Middle (today: 71 ) Contact
59 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 8% of 23 similar votes Today 71 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 76 Swing (today: 71 ) Contact
60 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 19% of 48 similar votes Today 71 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 69 Middle (today: 71 ) Contact
61 Raul Ruiz Democrat · California 25th · Lean D+3 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 5% of 48 similar votes Today 70 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 58 Middle (today: 70 ) Contact
61 Tom Cole Republican · Oklahoma 4th · Lean R+17 On the ballot Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 5% of 48 similar votes Today 70 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Projected at the vote: 66 Middle (today: 70 ) Contact
63 Ideology gap Scorecard gap Cross-pressure Similar votes Committee No committee seat Broke with party on 21% of 22 similar votes Today 70 Swing
Vote on passage, Feb 13, 2025: Not enough data to rank (3) These members have less than half of the model’s inputs, so their scores are not banded or ranked.
— James Gallagher Republican · California 1st · Lean R+12 On the ballot 45% of inputs · missing scorecards, similar votes Ideology gap Scorecard gap No data Cross-pressure Similar votes No data Committee No committee seat Too few votes on similar bills to measure — Insufficient data
— Aisha Wahab Democrat · California 14th · Lean D+20 On the ballot 20% of inputs · missing DW-NOMINATE, scorecards, similar votes Ideology gap No data Scorecard gap No data Cross-pressure Similar votes No data Committee No committee seat Too few votes on similar bills to measure — Insufficient data
— Everton Blair Democrat · Georgia 13th · Lean D+21 On the ballot 20% of inputs · missing DW-NOMINATE, scorecards, similar votes Ideology gap No data Scorecard gap No data Cross-pressure Similar votes No data Committee No committee seat Too few votes on similar bills to measure — Insufficient data
Ideology vs. swing score, House Click any dot to see which member it is. With the keyboard, tab to the chart and use the arrow keys.
Swing score
SWING ZONE 70+
Entrenched below 30
← More liberal DW-NOMINATE ideology score More conservative →
Ideology is each member’s DW-NOMINATE (what is this?)
(R-NY-23)
92
(today: 94 )
Projected at the vote: 91 Swing (today: 93 )
Projected at the vote: 88 Swing (today: 92 )
Projected at the vote: 84 Swing (today: 91 )
Projected at the vote: 84 Swing (today: 88 )
Projected at the vote: 86 Swing (today: 88 )
Projected at the vote: 80 Swing (today: 87 )
Projected at the vote: 81 Swing (today: 87 )
Projected at the vote: 80 Swing (today: 86 )
Projected at the vote: 80 Swing (today: 85 )
Projected at the vote: 83 Swing (today: 84 )
Projected at the vote: 85 Swing (today: 83 )
Projected at the vote: 77 Swing (today: 83 )
Projected at the vote: 83 Swing (today: 81 )
Projected at the vote: 79 Swing (today: 80 )
Projected at the vote: 75 Swing (today: 79 )
—
202-225-1986
Projected at the vote: — Insufficient data (today: 76 )
Projected at the vote: 81 Swing (today: 76 )
Projected at the vote: 73 Swing (today: 76 )
75
Projected at the vote: 76 Swing (today: 74 )
Projected at the vote: 78 Swing (today: 74 )
Projected at the vote: 78 Swing (today: 74 )
Projected at the vote: 69 Middle (today: 73 )
Projected at the vote: 72 Swing (today: 73 )
Projected at the vote: 79 Swing (today: 73 )
Projected at the vote: 76 Swing (today: 72 )
63
(today: 72 )
Projected at the vote: 79 Swing (today: 71 )
Projected at the vote: 77 Swing (today: 70 )
Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 28.0 (needs 5.0 ).
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