Congress Swing TrackerLegislative intelligence Swing vote analysis

H.J.Res. 25: Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales". · Congress Swing Tracker

H.J.Res. 25119th CongressTaxation

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to "Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales".

Sponsored by Rep. Mike Carey (R-OH) · 9 active : 8 Republicans, 1 Democrat

Latest action: Became Public Law No: 119-5.

Read the summary

Where it standsBecame law

Became law

House: passedMar 11, 2025
Senate: passedMar 26, 2025
President: Signed into lawApr 10, 2025

66 representatives score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

This joint resolution nullifies requirements for persons effectuating decentralized financial (DeFi) transactions to report certain information regarding digital asset sales to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Specifically, the joint resolution nullifies the requirements included in the rule titled

Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales

and issued by the IRS on December 30, 2024.

Read full summary

Decentralized finance refers to the suite of financial activities and services that are facilitated by cryptocurrency and intended to be conducted without any sort of reliance on traditional financial tools or intermediaries.

How the projections held up

Each member’s recorded vote compared with their swing projection from before the vote. A member by voting against most of their own party.

House

On PassagePassed292 yea, 132 nayMarch 11, 2025 · Roll call 71

How members in each band voted on this House vote, by their projection before the vote
BandBand before the vote	VotedVoted yea or nay	BrokeBroke with party	Share
Swing	56	19	34%
Middle	153	22	14%
Entrenched	145	9	6%
Insufficient data

Committees and subjects

Committees

House Committee on Ways and Means · HouseReported by · Markup by · Referred to

Subjects

Administrative law and regulatory procedures
Congressional oversight
Currency
Digital media
Financial services and investments
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Tax administration and collection, taxpayers

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

66Swing 70–100
206Middle 30–70
155Entrenched 0–30
6Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 6 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v3, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, , and the . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 9.5 (needs 5.0).

H.J.Res. 25 · Mar 11, 2025 · Roll call 70On PassageProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Internal Revenue Service relating to “Gross Proceeds Reporting by Brokers That Regularly Provide Services Effectuating Digital Asset Sales”
PassedSame bill×3.0
H.R. 23 · Jan 9, 2023 · Roll call 24On PassageFamily and Small Business Taxpayer Protection Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.Res. 1156 · Apr 16, 2026 · Roll call 481On Agreeing to the ResolutionExpressing support for tax policies that support working families
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 9495 · Nov 21, 2024 · Roll call 1195On PassageStop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 9495 · Nov 12, 2024 · Roll call 1176On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedStop Terror-Financing and Tax Penalties on American Hostages Act
FailedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 8314 · Sep 17, 2024 · Roll call 1136On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedNo Foreign Election Interference Act
FailedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 7980 · Sep 12, 2024 · Roll call 1135On PassageEnd Chinese Dominance of Electric Vehicles in America Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.Con.Res. 86 · Mar 21, 2024 · Roll call 815On Agreeing to the ResolutionExpressing the sense of Congress that a carbon tax would be detrimental to the United States economy
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 5 more

H.R. 7024 · Jan 31, 2024 · Roll call 748On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedTax Relief for American Families and Workers Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 3799 · Jun 21, 2023 · Roll call 281On PassageCHOICE Arrangement Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 3799 · Jun 21, 2023 · Roll call 279On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 3799 · Jun 21, 2023 · Roll call 278On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toSame policy area

Cosponsors

9 active

Show all 9 cosponsors

Tom Emmer (R-MN-6)
Warren Davidson (R-OH-8)
Jeff Crank (R-CO-5)
Claudia Tenney (R-NY-24)
David Kustoff (R-TN-8)
Shri Thanedar (D-MI-13)
Zachary Nunn (R-IA-3)
William R. Timmons (R-SC-4)
Troy Downing (R-MT-2)

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

All voting members	415	74	18%

Senate

On the Joint ResolutionPassed70 yea, 28 nayMarch 26, 2025 · Roll call 151

How members in each band voted on this Senate vote, by their projection before the vote
BandBand before the vote	VotedVoted yea or nay	BrokeBroke with party	Share
Swing	11	3	27%
Middle	50	10	20%
Entrenched	35	4	11%
All voting members	96	17	18%

: Pair any member who broke with one who stayed with their party: in 58% of those pairs, the one who broke had the higher swing score before the vote. Chance would be 50%.

Projections from swing-v3-dir, computed with data from before the vote. Present and not voting never count as breaking.

1
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublican · Pennsylvania 1st · Lean D+1House Committee on Ways and MeansOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 23% of 13 similar votes
Today100Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaProjected at the vote: 97 Swing (today: 100)
ContactCall 202-225-4276 Website
2
Thomas R. SuozziDemocrat · New York 3rd · Lean EVENHouse Committee on Ways and MeansOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
Committee
Broke with party on 36% of 7 similar votes
Today96Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaBroke with party
3
Jared F. GoldenDemocrat · Maine 2nd · Lean R+4On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 30% of 12 similar votes
Today94Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:NayProjected at the vote: 93 Swing (today: 94)
Contact
4
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocrat · Washington 3rd · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 13 similar votes
Today92Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:NayProjected at the vote: 91 Swing (today: 92)
Contact
5
Michael LawlerRepublican · New York 17th · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 13 similar votes
Today92Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaProjected at the vote: 90 Swing (today: 92)
Contact
6
Henry CuellarDemocrat · Texas 28th · Lean R+2On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 51% of 13 similar votes
Today92Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaBroke with party
7
Don BaconRepublican · Nebraska 2nd · Lean D+3On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 10% of 13 similar votes
Today91Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaProjected at the vote: 89 Swing (today: 91)
Contact
8
Thomas H. KeanRepublican · New Jersey 7th · Lean EVENOn the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 12% of 12 similar votes
Today90Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaProjected at the vote: 88 Swing (today: 90)
Contact
9
Donald G. DavisDemocrat · North Carolina 1st · Lean R+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 48% of 13 similar votes
Today88Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaBroke with party
10
Susie LeeDemocrat · Nevada 3rd · Lean D+1On the ballot
Ideology gap
Scorecard gap
Cross-pressure
Similar votes
CommitteeNo committee seatBroke with party on 34% of 12 similar votes
Today88Swing
Vote on passage, Mar 11, 2025:YeaBroke with party