Congress Swing TrackerLegislative intelligence Swing vote analysis

S. 2403: Retire through Ownership Act · Congress Swing Tracker

S. 2403119th CongressLabor and Employment

Retire through Ownership Act

Sponsored by Sen. Roger Marshall (R-KS) · 1 active : 1 Democrat

Latest action: Presented to President.

Read the summary

Where it standsBefore the Senate

Passed both chambers, awaiting the President

Senate: passedOct 9, 2025
House: passedSep 16, 2026
President: Awaiting action

9 senators score as swing votes

Summary

, via Congress.gov

Summary on Congress.gov

Retire through Ownership Act

This bill allows the fiduciary of an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) to rely on a valuation provided by an independent valuation expert or business appraiser in determining the fair market value of the plan's securities if the securities are not traded on a national securities exchange (i.e., not publicly traded) and the expert or appraiser follows specified methodologies.

Read full summary

In general, ESOPs are defined contribution pension plans where employees accrue shares of their employers' stock in individual accounts as part of their compensation. After separating from employment or retiring, employees receive the cash value of their shares.

Under the bill, an independent expert or appraiser must adhere to the methodology established under the Internal Revenue Service Ruling 59-60, which prescribes the factors a professional business appraiser should consider in forming a valuation of the stock for a closely held business.

How the projections held up

Each member’s recorded vote compared with their swing projection from before the vote. A member by voting against most of their own party.

House

On Motion to Suspend the Rules and PassPassed401 yea, 14 naySeptember 16, 2026 · Roll call 314

How members in each band voted on this House vote, by their projection before the vote
BandBand before the vote	VotedVoted yea or nay	BrokeBroke with party	Share
Swing	52	0	0%
Middle	208	5	2%
Entrenched	153	9	6%

Committees and subjects

Committees

Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions · SenateReported by · Markup by · Referred to

Subjects

Employee benefits and pensions
Financial services and investments
Securities

Senate · 100 House · 433

Model

v3defaultv2

Directional: count only breaks toward the other party Why do scores change?

How the House breaks down

45Swing 70–100
206Middle 30–70
180Entrenched 0–30
2Insufficient data not ranked

Members fall into . 2 representatives don’t have enough data yet and are marked “insufficient data”. Non-voting delegates are not counted. The bill is not before the House right now; these scores show where members would stand.

Key players in the House

Ranked by swing score, 0–100 · swing-v2, directional

: only movement toward the other party counts, so members who sit further from the center than their party no longer score as swing votes.

Bars show each input from 0 to 100: ideology gap, scorecard gap, . is the seat’s partisan lean, and shows how much of the input data a score has.

Similar past votes, House

Earlier behind swing-v3’s input

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 10.0 (needs 5.0).

H.R. 2988 · Jan 15, 2026 · Roll call 391On PassageProtecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 2988 · Jan 15, 2026 · Roll call 389On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5339 · Sep 18, 2024 · Roll call 1145On PassageRETIRE Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 98 · May 7, 2024 · Roll call 903Passage, Objections of the President To The Contrary NotwithstandingProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to “Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status”
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 98 · Jan 12, 2024 · Roll call 728On PassageProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to “Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status”
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 30 · Mar 23, 2023 · Roll call 148Passage, Objections of the President To The Contrary NotwithstandingProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights”
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 30 · Feb 28, 2023 · Roll call 123On PassageProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights”
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5408 · Jun 9, 2026 · Roll call 576On PassageFaster Labor Contracts Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 5 more

H.R. 2262 · Jan 13, 2026 · Roll call 379On PassageFlexibility for Workers Education Act
FailedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 2550 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 331On PassageProtect America’s Workforce Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1156 · Mar 11, 2025 · Roll call 67On PassagePandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 6655 · Apr 9, 2024 · Roll call 823On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedA Stronger Workforce for America Act
Passed

Cosponsors

1 active

Show all 1 cosponsors

Tim Kaine (D-VA)

How the swing score works

Ideology gapHow far a member’s DW-NOMINATE voting score sits from their party’s median in the same chamber.

Scorecard gapHow far their Heritage Action and LCV ratings stray from their party’s average, using the groups’ votes on similar bills where available.

Cross-pressureHow strongly their district or state leans toward the other party, from our own computed partisan lean.

Similar votesHow often they voted against their own party on earlier roll calls about this bill or similar ones.

Committee bonusMembers of the committees handling the bill decide whether it moves, so they get a boost.

Cosponsor checkThe sponsor and active cosponsors have already committed, so they drop toward entrenched.

All voting members	415	14	3%

Similar votes count toward swing-v3 in the House: total similarity weight 10.0 (needs 5.0).

H.R. 2988 · Jan 15, 2026 · Roll call 391On PassageProtecting Prudent Investment of Retirement Savings Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 2988 · Jan 15, 2026 · Roll call 389On Agreeing to the Amendment
Agreed toShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5339 · Sep 18, 2024 · Roll call 1145On PassageRETIRE Act
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 98 · May 7, 2024 · Roll call 903Passage, Objections of the President To The Contrary NotwithstandingProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to “Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status”
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 98 · Jan 12, 2024 · Roll call 728On PassageProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to “Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status”
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 30 · Mar 23, 2023 · Roll call 148Passage, Objections of the President To The Contrary NotwithstandingProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights”
FailedShared subjects×1.0
H.J.Res. 30 · Feb 28, 2023 · Roll call 123On PassageProviding for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to “Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights”
PassedShared subjects×1.0
H.R. 5408 · Jun 9, 2026 · Roll call 576On PassageFaster Labor Contracts Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5

Show 5 more

H.R. 2262 · Jan 13, 2026 · Roll call 379On PassageFlexibility for Workers Education Act
FailedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 2550 · Dec 11, 2025 · Roll call 331On PassageProtect America’s Workforce Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 1156 · Mar 11, 2025 · Roll call 67On PassagePandemic Unemployment Fraud Enforcement Act
PassedSame policy area×0.5
H.R. 6655 · Apr 9, 2024 · Roll call 823On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass, as AmendedA Stronger Workforce for America Act
Passed

Retire through Ownership Act

Summary

How the projections held up

House

Committees and subjects

Committees

Subjects

How the House breaks down

Key players in the House

Similar past votes, House

Cosponsors

How the swing score works

Senate

Not enough data to rank (2)

Ideology vs. swing score, House